Kinetic theory plays a central role in many areas of mathematical physics, from nanoscales to continuum mechanics. It is an indispensable tool in the mathematical description of applications in physical and social sciences, from its origin in dilute gases, to wide applications such as semi-conductors, polymers, cells, plasma, galaxies, traffic networking, and swarming. The number of particles is typically more than 10²⁰.

On the one hand, kinetic models provide more detailed and accurate description of regimes where hydrodynamic equations are either invalid or simply not available. On the other hand, because modern computers are still inadequate in simulating the molecular or even quantum dynamics in emerging industrial needs in micro- and nanotechnology, kinetic equations provide models that can capture important features of microscopic or quantum phenomena with a manageable computational cost. Kinetic theory is at the core of multiscale modeling, which connects fundamental... (more)

There are several fundamental applications involving kinetic theory and computations. They range from semiconductor modeling involving kinetic and quantum charged transport, radiative transfer in cosmology, conservative and dissipative phenomena in rarefied gas dynamics in mixtures, and grain and polymer flows.

Issues to be addressed involve the derivation and multi-scale modeling due to different scales of effective constants, spatial heterogeneities and strength of boundary conditions. Because the basic drift-diffusion, hydrodynamic and quantum models may interact through interfaces, a basic understanding of boundary conditions as well as phase transitions are critical. An example of such modeling problem appears naturally in semiconductors devices where the electron and holes density flows through a highly heterogeneous crystal lattice.

It is well established that drift-diffusion models are currently inadequate for the simulations of submicron devices where effective fields... (more)

The celebrated Boltzmann equation is the foundation of the kinetic theory for dilute collections of particles, which undergo elastic binary collisions. The Boltzmann theory is at the center of a series of multi-scaled physical models that connect microscopic multiparticle models to macroscopic fluid models such as the Navier-Stokes equations:

The first arrow refers the Boltzmann-Grad limit, while the second arrow refers to various hydrodynamic limits which lead to the fundamental equations of fluids. The Boltzmann theory therefore provides a practical tool and machinery for deriving macroscopic models in broad physical applications. Due to its importance, there has been an explosion of mathematical studies, both theoretical and numerical, for the Boltzmann equation.A major open problem that remains is to determine whether or not smooth initial data would lead to a unique global-in-time solution of the Boltzmann... (more)